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Bormio, Italy
Bormio, Italy
Description
We are happy to announce the 61st International Winter Meeting on Nuclear Physics.
This long-standing conference is dedicated to bringing together researchers and students from various fields of subatomic physics, such as
- Nuclear Astrophysics and Nuclear Structure
- Heavy Ion Physics
- Hadron Physics
- Particle Physics
- Applied Nuclear Physics
- Detectors and Future Projects
The conference location is Bormio, a beautiful mountain resort in the Italian Alps.
For further information, please also visit the Bormio conference website.
Pre-conference school:
To improve the participation of students and young researchers at the conference, a pre-conference school is taking place on SUNDAY, 26 January 2025: There will be topical lectures covering the basis of the main physics topics dealt with in the conference. Students are asked to select the proper field in the registration form, if they intend to participate.
Bormio Organizers
Registration
Application Form
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Pre-Conference School: Sunday 26 January
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Welcome
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Monday Morning Session
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5
Astrophysical constraints on the neutron star equation of state from short gamma-ray bursts
Short gamma ray bursts (GRBs) have already been associated with binary neutron star mergers, which are also sources of gravitational waves. Numerical relativity simulations indicate that the merger can form a short-lived hypermassive neutron star (which could produce a millisecond magnetar), lasting for tens to hundreds of milliseconds before gravitational collapse forms a black hole. This neutron star remnant is expected to emit gravitational waves (GWs) with kHz frequencies that will be detectable by third generation ground-based GW detectors in the 2030s. Recently, kHz quasiperiodic oscillations were discovered in GRBs 910711 and 931101B, providing evidence for a hypermassive neutron star stage in these events. When analyzed together with new quasi-universal relations obtained from numerical relativity simulations, these detections provide a novel method to constrain the equation of state of the dense matter in neutron star cores.
Speaker: Cecilia Chirenti (University of Maryland/NASA GSFC/CRESST/UFABC) -
6
Low-energy puzzles and the role of lattice QCD
For many years, the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon has provided one of the most promising hints for a quantitative failure of the Standard Model, hinting at the possibility of new physics. However, recent lattice QCD calculations have challenged this scenario, by providing estimates for the crucial hadronic vacuum polarisation contribution which deviate significantly from the traditional data-driven evaluation, while being compatible with the direct experimental measurement. In this talk I review the current status of the muon anomalous magnetic moment and describe the enormous progress that has been achieved in lattice calculations of its hadronic contributions. In addition, I discuss how recent lattice results help in resolving the issue of discrepant measurements of the proton charge radius, which is another prominent puzzle in hadron physics.
Speaker: Hartmut Wittig (Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz) -
10:30
Coffee Break
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7
Experimental study of ultra-soft photon production in nuclear collisions and the infra-red limit of quantum field theories
We provide an overview of the soft-photon puzzle, i.e., of the long-standing discrepancy between experimental data and predictions based on Low’s soft-photon theorem, also referred to as “anomalous” soft photon production, and we briefly review the current theoretical understanding of soft radiation and soft theorems. We discuss how both topics can be addressed with the planned ALICE 3 detector at the LHC.
Speaker: Peter Braun-Munziger (EMMI / GSI) -
8
Surfing the Plasma Wave: The AWAKE Experiment at CERN
The Advanced Wakefield Experiment, AWAKE, at CERN is an accelerator R&D experiment, which moved from a proof-of-concept experiment to a facility that develops the proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration technology to be ready for proposing first particle physics applications in the 2030’s. This talk gives a short introduction to plasma wakefield acceleration, and shows the well-defined plan, program and upgrades of AWAKE to accelerate electrons to high energies (0.5-1 GeV/m) while controlling the beam quality and demonstrating the scalability of the process. In addition, recent results of the AWAKE experiment are presented.
Speaker: Edda Gschwendtner (CERN)
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Monday Afternoon Session
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9
Recent results from the MEG II experiments
The MEG II experiment, based at the Paul Scherrer Institut in Switzerland, was designed to search for the Standard Model suppressed decay of a positive muon to a positron and a photon. The combination of the MEG II data with the full data set of the MEG experiment established the most stringent limit to date. The MEG II detector can be exploited to investigate the existence and to study the properties of the hypothetical particle X17, reported in the literature in electron-positrons pairs in the decay of the excited 8Be state. Recent MEG II result will be presented. The analysis perspective of the ten-fold larger sample collected so far, and the experiment sensitivity projection in the muon decay search will be provided. The improvements made to the detector which will allow a more stringent study of the X17 particle will be reported.
Speaker: Marco Grassi (INFN - Pisa) -
10
Low-mass dark sector searches with deuteron photodisintegration
Recent years have seen much activity in searches for dark-sector messenger particles in the 10–100 MeV mass range, especially in view of a potential new light boson conjectured by the ATOMKI Collaboration, X17. Under the assumption that the messenger particle has definite parity and either zero or unit spin, quite stringent bounds already exist on its coupling to electrons and protons. Equally stringent bounds on the neutron coupling do not exist yet, but are nonetheless desirable. We explore how measurements of deuteron photodisintegration with a quasifree neutron can yield bounds on the neutron coupling, and compute projections for a potential measurement at the low-energy high-intensity electron scattering experiment MAGIX@MESA. The projected bounds are found to be competitive for an axial-vector or pseudoscalar scenario, but not for a vector or scalar scenario.
Speaker: Cornelis Mommers (JGU Mainz) -
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Future physics opportunities with CLAS12 upgrades
The CEBAF large acceptance spectrometer in experimental Hall B at Jefferson Lab, CLAS12, is designed to perform experiments with polarized and unpolarized targets using electron beam ranging from 2 GeV to 11 GeV with operating luminosity of up to L = 10^35 cm−2 sec−1. The CLAS12 physics program covers a broad range of nuclear physics topics, with a central focus on the three-dimensional imaging of the quark structure of nucleons and nuclei. The necessity of high statistics data in multidimensional kinematic phase space became evident with the analysis and publication of the first cutting-edge results on nucleon and nuclear structure. To address this demand, we plan to upgrade CLAS12 to run at higher luminosities. The first stage of the upgrade, currently underway, aims to enhance tracking efficiency in the forward region of polar angles, with the near-term goal of achieving a production luminosity of L = 2 × 10^35 cm−2 sec−1. The long-term goal is to reach operational luminosities of L > 10^37 cm−2 sec−1, which will open up new physics opportunities, such as Double Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering (DDVCS), accessible only with a high-luminosity, large-acceptance detector. In this talk, we discuss the current performance of the CLAS12 detector, details of planned upgrades to higher luminosities, and the new physics opportunities that these upgrades will provide.
Speaker: Mariangela Bondì (INFN - Sezione di Catania) -
12
Study of p process nucleosynthesis in the mass region of A=75-110
The Big Bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) theory explains the formation of the universe's lightest elements hydrogen, helium, and lithium within the first 10 seconds to 20 minutes after the event. In contrast, stellar burning is responsible for producing all naturally occurring elements, aside from these primordial ones, occurring much later and continuing in stars today. When interstellar gas contracts to form a star, its gravitational potential energy converts to kinetic energy, generating immense heat that initiates nuclear fusion. This process creates new elements based on the star's mass and temperature, while radiation pressure stabilizes the star against gravitational collapse. However, beyond iron, nuclear binding energy decreases, preventing the production of elements heavier than iron through fusion. Neutron capture processes, both rapid (r-process) and slow (s-process), account for 99% of elements heavier than iron. Yet, approximately 30-35 proton-rich nuclides, known as p-nuclei, exist between 74Se and 194Hg, which cannot be formed through neutron capture. These p-nuclei are much less abundant (10-100 times) than nuclei produced via r- and s-processes, suggesting that they may be formed from r- or s-process seed nuclei through photo-disintegration reactions (γ-process) or by proton capture. To understand the p-process and its reaction rates, accurate knowledge of reaction cross-sections is essential. The p-process involves around 2000 nuclei and over 10,000 reactions, making experimental determination of many cross-sections challenging due to their low values. Consequently, only a limited amount of experimental data is available. Theoretical cross-section estimates largely depend on models like Hauser-Feshbach and codes such as TALYS, EMPIRE, and SMARAGD. However, these models rely heavily on nuclear input parameters, leading to significant uncertainties when experimental data are lacking. Past comparisons of experimental (p, γ) cross-sections with various theoretical predictions have shown inconsistent results among the popular codes like NON-SMOKER, TALYS, and EMPIRE. Our study aims to analyze existing experimental data on (p, γ) cross-sections in the mass range A=75-110 using a consistent set of input parameters in TALYS. By maintaining uniformity in the level density parameter, optical model potential, and E1 gamma strength function, we hope to reduce uncertainty in theoretical cross-section calculations. Additionally, we will estimate thermonuclear reaction rates for these nuclei and compare them with available theoretical and experimental data. Our study will calculate the cross-section and reaction rates for the reactions 91Zr (p, γ) and 91Nb (p, γ) leading to 92Nb and 92Mo, respectively. To ensure reliability, we will rigorously test our input models against eight different nuclides within the A=75-110 range that have existing experimental data.
Speaker: Satabdi Mondal (Bankura University, India) -
13
Effectiveness of nuclear level density and γ-ray strength function in neutron capture 68Zn(n,γ)69Zn reaction cross-section
- Introduction In nuclear astrophysics, neutron capture reactions in s-and r-processes of nucleosynthesis play a decisive role in the understanding of origin of elements heavier than iron. The description of these neutron capture reactions relies on the statistical Hauser-Feshbach theory to estimate the reaction cross-section. The model requires two indispensable input quantities , nuclear level density (NLD) and gamma ray strength function (γ-SF). These parameters however, are rather poorly constrained due to the absence of proper experimental data. So, a good knowledge of NLD and γ-SF is required to get accurate results while using statistical model calculations. The application of strength function is not only important in nucleosynthesis but also in determining soft dipole modes in neutron rich nuclei essential to understand the reaction rate.
- Methods Thus at first, calculations are carried out to estimate the 68Zn(n,γ)69Zn reaction cross- section[3] by using the combinations of existing NLDs and γ-SFs in TALYS-1.95 code. It is seen that most of the combinations either over predict or under predict the experimental data. Therefore, the microscopic EP+IPM (exact pairing plus independent particle model) and EP+PDM (exact pairing plus phonon damping model) have been carried out to calculate the NLD and γ-SF of 69Zn nucleus, respectively. As EP+IPM describes reasonably well the experimental NLD data and EP+PDM calculation gives a good knowledge of γ-SF, so these two approaches are applied to TALYS-1.95 code to understand their applicability and reliability in explaining the astrophysical reaction cross-section.
- Result & discussions It is seen that microscopic EP+IPM NLD and EP+PDM γ-SF explains the experimental data better than all other combinations available in TALYS-1.95, indicating the impact of the exact treatment of thermal pairing correlation. Furthermore, the inclusion of an UB structure in the EP+PDM γ-SF improves the comparison with the experimental cross-section data in the low energy region 0.01-0.15 MeV, while the calculation without this upbend structure slightly underpredicts the measured data. The result will be further discussed in details at the symposium.
Speaker: Enakshi Senapati (Bankura University)
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Tuesday Morning Session
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14
Direct dark matter detection with liquid xenon time projection chambers
The fundamental nature of dark or invisible matter remains one of the great mysteries of our time. A leading hypothesis is that dark matter is made of new elementary particles, with proposed masses and interaction cross sections spanning an enormous range. Amongst the technologies developed to search for dark matter particles, detectors based on liquid xenon are currently leading the field, providing unprecedented sensitivities and a large discovery potential. I will present recent results from multi-tonne detectors currently taking data deep underground, I will also discuss the ongoing R&D and the physics potential of the next-generation experiments.
Speaker: Laura Baudis (University of Zurich) -
15
Were the heavy elements made in nature?
The periodic table of elements is now full up to the Z=118, element, Oganesson, the last element in the noble gas column of elements. The table contains elements that were in time identified by fission and by nuclear reactions. Some of them were deliberately created in the laboratory. While there is no limit to the table of elements ending with Z=118, the question remains about the potential that these elements could also be made in nature. The heavy elements are made by rapid neutron capture processes including neutron star mergers as one of the potential sites. Were the superheavy elements made in nature? I will talk about the possibilities.
Speaker: Ani Aprahamian (University of Notre Dame, USA) -
10:30
Coffee Break
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16
The nuclear aspects of neutrino oscillation measurements
The ability of current and next generation accelerator based neutrino oscillation measurements to reach their desired sensitivity and provide new insight into the nature of our Universe, requires a high-level of understanding of the neutrino-nucleus interactions. These include precise estimation of the relevant cross sections and the reconstruction of the incident neutrino energy from the measured final state particles. Incomplete understanding of these interactions can skew the reconstructed neutrino spectrum and thereby bias the extraction of fundamental oscillation parameters and searches for new physics. This e4nu program at JLab exploits the similarity of electron- and neutrino-nucleus interactions. It leverages wide phase-space exclusive electron scattering data with known beam energies to test energy reconstruction methods and interaction models. In this talk I will present data taken from the CLAS experiment in the same energy region and on similar nuclear targets as in relevant neutrino experiments.
Speaker: Adi Ashkenazi (Tel Aviv University) -
17
Antikaon-Nuclear Bound States at J-PARC
The possible existence of deeply-bound $\bar K$-nuclear bound states (kaonic nuclei) has been widely discussed as a consequence of the strongly attractive $\bar K N$ interaction in I = 0 channels. The investigation of kaonic nuclei can provide unique information about the $\bar K N$ interaction below the threshold, which is still not fully understood. For the simplest kaonic nucleus, $\bar KNN$, we performed an experimental search using the in-flight $^3$He$( K^-, n)$ reactions at 1 GeV/$c$ (J-PARC E15). With the $\Lambda pn$ final state reconstructed, we observed a significant peak below the $K^-pp$ mass-threshold in the $\Lambda p$ invariant-mass spectrum, which can be interpreted as the ``$K^-pp$’’ bound state. To further understand the kaonic nuclei, we have proposed and prepared the E80 experiment to precisely measure the $\bar K NNN$ system as a first step toward the comprehensive study of the light kaonic nuclei from the “$\bar K N$” (=$\Lambda$(1405)) to“$\bar K NNNN$.” Through the experiments and detailed theoretical calculations, we will unravel the nature of the kaonic nuclei from the property changes depending on the mass number $A$. We will discuss the $\bar KNN$ bound state observed at J-PARC E15 and the future prospects of light kaonic nucleus studies at J-PARC starting with the E80 experiment.
Speaker: Fuminori Sakuma (RIKEN) -
18
Do LHC cross sections factorize?
We review an analysis of the low-energy dynamics of jets cross sections at hadron colliders, for which phase factors in the hard amplitudes spoil collinear factorization. We identify three-loop contributions from perturbative Glauber-gluon exchanges with the right structure to render the cross section consistent with PDF factorization below the gap veto scale. The Glauber contributions we identify are unambiguously defined without regulators beyond dimensional regularization.
Speaker: Matthias Neubert (Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz)
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Tuesday Afternoon Session
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19
The PRad-II and X17 Experiments at Jefferson Lab
Abstract The PRad-II and X17 experiments are scheduled to run in Jefferson Lab’s Hall B from November 2025 to July 2026. These experiments strive to give definite answers to long-standing questions in hadron physics. PRad-II is addressing the discrepancy in elastic electron-proton scattering at momentum transfers between 0.01 and 0.06 GeV2 that are seen between the world’s most complete data set taken with focusing magnetic spectrometers on the one side and the data set from the proton charge radius experiment at Jefferson Lab (PRad) collected with a magnetic-spectrometer-free method using a windowless hydrogen gas target. The X17 experiment is addressing a hypothetical light boson with a mass of about 17 MeV/c2 that has been discussed to explain some anomalous nuclear transition data. A search will be achieved by performing a "bump hunt" in the spectrum of electron-positron pairs produced in a thin solid-state target. The beamline and detector set-ups are shared by the two experiments with only small variations except for the two different target systems. A main component is the calorimeter HyCal for the detection of scattered electrons with a large Q2 coverage at small scattering angles (PRad-II) or for the detection of electron-positron pairs (X17). Other critical components are two planes each made of two high-resolution gas electron multiplier (GEM) coordinate detectors located in front of HyCal, and a voluminous vacuum chamber spanning the distance from the target to the detectors. All parts are currently under test or development at the University of Virginia and Jefferson Lab. Installation is planned for Summer 2025. Running the experiments for more than 200 calendar days will provide data sets with unprecedented statistics, while several measures will be in place to minimize systematic uncertainties.
Speaker: Patrick Achenbach (Jefferson Lab) -
20
Latest tau and dark sector results from Belle and Belle II
Belle and Belle II have collected world-leading data samples of tau decays. We will report on recent tests of lepton universality and searches for lepton-flavor violation in these decays. They allow us to probe the Standard Model with high precision. Belle II has an unique reach for a broad class of models that postulate the existence of dark matter particles with MeV--GeV masses. We will present recent world-leading results from Belle II searches for several dark matter candidates, as well as the near-term prospects for other dark-sector searches.
Speaker: Stefan Wallner (Max Planck Institute for Physics, Munich) -
21
Leakage detection in water distribution networks using cosmic ray neutrons in the thermal region
Water distribution systems can experience high levels of leakage, originating from different sources, such as deterioration due to aging of pipes and fittings, material defects, and corrosion. In addition to causing financial losses and supply problems, leakages in treated water distribution also represent a risk for public health. Despite several techniques for leak detection are already available, there is still a lot of interest in new non-invasive approaches, especially for scenarios where acoustic techniques struggle, such as in noisy environmental conditions. In this work we investigated the possibility of using cosmic ray (CR) neutrons for the detection of underground leakages in water distribution networks, by exploiting the difference in the above ground thermal neutron flux between dry and wet soil conditions. The potential of the technique has been assessed by means of an extensive set of Monte Carlo simulations, involving realistic scenarios based on the Italian aqueduct design guidelines. Simulation studies focused on sandy soils and results suggest that a significative signal, associated with a leakage, could be detected with a data-taking lasting from a few minutes to a halfhour, depending on the environmental soil moisture, the leaking water distribution in soil, and the soil chemical composition. Finally, preliminary experimental data are presented for the first time.
Speaker: Davide Pagano (University of Brescia) -
22
Accessing the $p-\Sigma^{+}$ interaction via femtoscopy with ALICE
The $\Sigma$-nucleon strong interaction is an important ingredient to understand the composition of neutron stars and is also crucial for theoretical predictions on potential $\Sigma$-hypernuclei. Data on this interaction is scarce and purely based on scattering experiments. Since data points are only available at rather high relative momenta and their uncertainties are sizeable, theory calculations are not well constrained. Particularly the triplet channel is very uncertain and it is not yet clear if the interaction in this channel is attractive or repulsive. In this regard, two-particle intensity interferometry (femtoscopy) of $\Sigma$ baryons and nucleons can provide valuable information.\$\Sigma^{+}$ baryons decay into a proton and a neutral pion via the weak interaction with a branching ratio of 51.57\%. The neutral pion decays electromagnetically almost exclusively into two photons which are challenging to measure with the ALICE apparatus.\In this talk, a novel reconstruction method will be shown which makes use of sophisticated reconstruction algorithms and machine learning techniques to improve the reconstruction efficiency and purity of the $\Sigma^{+}$ baryons and allow for the measurement of their correlation function with protons for the first time.\The obtained correlation function will be discussed and related to latest theoretical calculations, providing new constraints on the $\Sigma$-nucleon interaction.
Speaker: Benedict Heybeck (Goethe University Frankfurt) -
23
High-resolution x-ray spectroscopy of muonic lithium
Precise measurements of absolute nuclear charge radii are crucial ingredients for QED tests and are valuable benchmarks for modern nuclear structure theory [1]. Muonic atom spectroscopy is well known as an ideal method to accurately determine the root-mean-square (RMS) radii of the nuclear charge density distribution. By measurements of the 2p-1s and 2s-2p transitions of muonic atoms, this technique has already provided precise measurements for the very light (Z<3) as well as heavier nuclei (Z>10) [2,3,4]. However, a gap for muonic atoms from lithium to neon remains due to those cases' technologically challenging energy range of their transitions (~20-200 keV). To address this gap, the QUARTET collaboration employs cryogenic metallic magnetic calorimeters (MMCs), which combine broad-band spectroscopy with record-resolving power to perform spectroscopy of light muonic atoms and to refine the nuclear charge radii of light nuclei from lithium to neon [5]. This talk presents the status of the experiment and the first high-resolution spectra of muonic lithium obtained with an MMC. References: [1] Karshenboim, S. G. (2005). Precision physics of simple atoms: QED tests, nuclear structure and fundamental constants. Physics reports, 422(1-2), 1-63. [2] Fricke, G., Heilig, K., & Schopper, H. F. (2004). Nuclear charge radii (Vol. 454). Berlin: Springer. [3] Pohl, R., Antognini, A., Nez, F. et al. (2010). The size of the proton. Nature 466, 213–216. [4] Krauth, J.J., Schuhmann, K., Ahmed, M.A. et al. (2021). Measuring the α-particle charge radius with muonic helium-4 ions. Nature 589, 527–531. [5] Ohayon, B.; Abeln, A.; Bara, S.; Cocolios, T.; Eizenberg, O.; Fleischmann, A.; Gastaldo, L.; Godinho, C.; Heines, M.; Hengstler, D.; Hupin, G.; Indelicato, P.; Kirch, K.; Knecht, A.; Kreuzberger, D.; Machado, J.; Navratil, P.; Paul, N.; Pohl, R.; Unger, D.; Vogiatzi, S.; Schoeler, K.; Wauters, F. Towards Precision Muonic X-ray Measurements of Charge Radii of Light Nuclei. Physics 2024, 6(1), 206-215
Speaker: Katharina von Schoeler (ETH Zürich) -
24
Exploring Amplitude Measurements with ALICE ITS3 MAPS Detectors
Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (MAPS) are becoming increasingly important in future particle physics experiments due to their ease of integration, high spatial resolution, and low material budget. While MAPS have mostly been used for tracking where only binary hit information is stored, measuring signal amplitude could enable particle identification (PID) and enhance tracking capabilities. In this contribution, the feasibility of amplitude measurements using two promising techniques is assessed: time-encoded Time-over-Threshold (ToT), where pixels send a pulse at a signal’s rising and falling edge to measure the ToT, and digital oversampling, which samples the signal multiple times above threshold. The methods were tested on two prototype sensors developed for the ALICE ITS3 upgrade: the Digital Pixel Test Structure chiplet (DPTS) featuring time-encoding with 1024 pixels and the larger BabyMOSS sensor with 0.67 megapixels. With the DPTS, we demonstrated the capability of measuring the Fe-55 main peak with a resolution of 3.6% using the ToT approach. For BabyMOSS, a multilayer beam telescope was operated, where an energy resolution of 17% was shown to be achievable with 11 sensor layers for 10 GeV/c pions. Additionally, Geant4 simulations modeled energy deposition in 4-11 silicon layers for particle momenta of 0.1-10 GeV/c, examining the effects of the sampling rate (0.5/4 μs) and sensor thickness (10/20 μm). The simulations show effective PID, with a 3σ particle separation up to 0.7 GeV/c between pions and protons. Constraints in the current ALICE Inner Tracking System, such as the readout speed, pose challenges for performing amplitude measurements. Our findings suggest that ToT-based amplitude measurements could benefit MAPS-based tracking detectors, such as those planned for the ALICE3 trackers, enabling particle separation at low momenta up to 0.7 GeV/c and separation of lighter nuclei up to 10 GeV/c.
Speaker: Henrik Fribert (TU Munich)
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19
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Wednesday Morning Session
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25
Direct neutrino mass search with the KATRIN experiment and beyond
The Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino experiment KATRIN is investigating the endpoint region of tritium beta decay. KATRIN uses a strong windowless gaseous molecular tritium source combined with a huge MAC-E-Filter as high resolution electron spectrometer. In order to achieve the goal of a neutrino mass sensitivity of less than 0.3 eV, KATRIN has successfully pushed many technologies to their limits and used sophisticated calibration techniques. Recently, a neutrino mass limit of 0.45 eV could be stated. The precision measurement of the tritium beta spectrum in its endpoint region also allows for very sensitive searches for sterile eV neutrinos and other BSM effects. Starting in 2026, KATRIN will use the TRISTAN detector to measure deeper into the tritium beta spectrum and search particularly for sterile keV neutrinos. But the search for neutrino mass with the large KATRIN setup is set to continue: the R&D project KATRIN++ aims to upgrade to a high-resolution differential method using quantum technology and an atomic tritium source to further increase the neutrino mass sensitivity to 50 meV covering the complete inverted mass range. In addition to presenting the current status and results of KATRIN, this talk will also provide an outlook on the TRISTAN phase and the R&D project KATRIN++ in comparison to alternative developments ECHO, HOLMES and Project 8.
Speaker: Christian Weinheimer (University of Münster) -
26
A Strangeness Odyssey: Kaonic Atom Measurements at the DAΦNE Collider
A Strangeness Odyssey: Kaonic Atom Measurements at the DAΦNE Collider. In particle physics, understanding the low-energy strong interaction remains a significant challenge, demanding new experimental data as input and validation. Among the promising approaches, X-ray spectroscopy of kaonic atoms offers a unique window into the antikaon-nucleon interaction at threshold. The DEAR and SIDDHARTA experiments measurements of kaonic hydrogen have enhanced our understanding of the antikaon-proton interaction, yet a full determination of the isospin-dependent antikaon-nucleon scattering lengths also requires measurement of kaonic deuterium. The SIDDHARTA-2 collaboration has leveraged the DAΦNE collider’s high-quality low-energy kaon beam, innovative experimental techniques, and state-of-the-art radiation detectors to conduct highly precise kaonic atom measurements. For the first time, X-ray transitions of kaonic deuterium to the ground state have been observed (with data analysis ongoing), in addition to measurements of other low-Z kaonic atoms, including kaonic helium and kaonic neon. This presentation will discuss the scientific motivation, experimental setups, and findings from these kaonic atoms measurements along two decades, with a focus on preliminary results from kaonic deuterium. This result, central to kaonic atom research, is expected to provide critical insights into low-energy strong interactions involving strangeness and associated symmetries. Future plans will be also addressed (EXKALIBUR proposal).
Speaker: Catalina Oana Curceanu (INFN-LNF) -
10:30
Coffee Break
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27
Heavy quarks as probes of deconfinement at high energy collidersSpeaker: Johanna Stachel (Heidelberg University)
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28
Four-quark states from functional methods
We give an overview on recent results for masses, binding energies and the internal structure of exotic light and heavy-light four-quark states determined in a functional approach to QCD.
Speaker: Christian Fischer (JLU Giessen)
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25
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Wednesday Afternoon Session
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29
Recent Developments in Extracting the EOS from Observations
Recent observations from X-ray telescopes, radio timing of pulsars, and gravitational wave observations, have provided several constraints on the masses and radii of neutron stars. Major efforts are being devoted to inferring the underlying pressure-energy density relation, often called the equation of state (EOS), of dense matter. This involves the inversion of the TOV relations of neutron star structure. The close correspondence between neutron star matter pressure near the saturation density and the radii of typical neutron stars is one example of a semi-universal relation relating the M-R relation to the EOS, as is the Yagi-Yunes I-Love relation connecting the moments of inertia and the tidal deformability of neutron stars. These relations are valid for all or nearly all equations of state to high precision. It is demonstrated that the inference of the EOS from mass and radius observations is sensitive to the inversion method. A new analytic method of inverting an individual M-R relation to its underlying EOS to within about 0.5\% might permit more accurate inferences. It is also shown how an upper bound to the neutron matter energy, in analogy to the lower bound stemming from the Unitary Gas Conjecture, could further restrict EOS properties.
Speaker: James Lattimer (Stony Brook University) -
30
Measurement of the Charged- and Neutral-Pion Polarizabilities using the GlueX Detector in Hall-D at JLab
A central problem of modern physics research is the solution to QCD in the non-perturbative regime. One method of testing QCD in this low-energy region is by measuring certain structure constants of hadrons --- called polarizabilities --- that show particular promise of allowing a direct connection to the underlying quark/gluon dynamics through comparison to modern QCD-inspired model calculations, and to solutions of QCD done computationally on the lattice. This talk will give a status report on our measurement of cross sections for the Primakoff effect using the GlueX detector in Hall D at Jefferson Lab, with the end goal of precise measurements of the pion polarizability for both charged and neutral pions.
Speaker: David Hornidge (Mount Allison University) -
31
Performance of the Dielectron Analysis in Pb-Pb Collisions in Run 3 with ALICE
Correlated electron-positron pairs (dielectrons) present a unique probe to study the properties of the medium created in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. They are produced in all stages of the collision and leave the system without loss of information as they do not interact strongly with the medium. However, at LHC energies, the thermal dielectrons emitted in the early stages of the collision from the quark-gluon-plasma are outnumbered by a large contribution of correlated e$^{+}$e$^{-}$-pairs from semi-leptonic decays of heavy-flavour (HF) hadrons. The upgrade of the ALICE detector installed during the Long Shutdown 2 is crucial to boost the precision of this measurement. The continuous readout of the TPC allows for higher data acquisition rate of up to 50 kHz in Pb-Pb collisions. Moreover, the new ITS with its higher granularity significantly improves the pointing resolution, leading to a better topological separation of prompt thermal radiation and e$^{+}$e$^{-}$-pairs from HF hadron decays, and to smaller background from photon conversions in the detector material. In this poster, the status of the analysis of a large data set of Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm{NN}}}=5.36$ TeV, recorded with the upgraded ALICE detector in 2023, is presented. The electron and positron identification capabilities are evaluated and the impact of the detector upgrades on the dielectron analysis will be shown.
Speaker: Emma Ege (Goethe University, Frankfurt) -
32
Design and testing of a new large area Micromegas detector for AMBER experiment at CERN
The Apparatus for Mesons and Baryon Experimental Research (AMBER, NA66) is a high-energy physics experiment at CERN’s M2 beam line. Its broad physics program extends beyond 2032. Several upgrades of the spectrometer are planned for the medium and long-term AMBER program among those the existing Multi-Wire Proportional Chambers (MWPCs) will be replaced to address their structural aging and performance limitations. Resistive bulk MICRO-MEsh-GAseous Structure (MM) detectors with an active area of 1x0.5 m^2 will be used for the task. Each detector has two readout planes in a face-to-face configuration and a common cathode providing an XUV measurement. For the lateral modules a uniform 10MOhm/sq Diamond-Like Carbon (DLC) layer was chosen. The chambers are the largest resistive bulk MM under test. The production of the first detector was completed in October 2024, a test campaign both with beam and cosmics is underway at AMBER experiment. The design together with the ongoing work on the detector noise studies and first test results will be presented.
Speaker: Mr Maxim Alexeev (Università degli studi di Torino, INFN sez. Torino)) -
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Fragmentation of Carbon Ions in Particle Therapy: Secondary Particle Characterization and Monte Carlo Validation
Particle therapy in cancer treatment permits, compared to conventional X-ray therapy, to deliver a more conformal dose to the tumor while sparing healthy tissues. Nevertheless, the primary beam and target fragmentation lead to the production of lighter fragments, which may contribute to undesired dose in healthy tissues. Dose calculations in particle therapy rely on high-performance algorithms which encompass physical processes. These calculations are based on data generated by Monte Carlo simulations. However, there is currently a lack of experimental data regarding nuclear reactions in particle therapy, which can introduce inaccuracies in dose calculations. The CLINM (Cross-Sections of Light Ions and Neutron Measurements) project, funded by ANR (starting in January 2024), seeks to offer a global characterization of the secondary particles produced by fragmentation processes of ions on tissues, and their associated chemical effects. The investigation of these chemical effects involves the measurement of the radiolysis products generated by the secondary particles, while the physical properties (energy, charge) measurement of these particles is performed thanks to a ∆E-E telescope, made of a plastic and a CeBr3 scintillators. As part of the CLINM project, a first experimental campaign was conducted at the CNAO hadrontherapy center to characterize secondary particles produced by carbon ion fragmentation on tissue-equivalent targets. Using a ∆E-E telescope, the energy distributions and yields of secondary particles were measured from 12C beams at 200 MeV/u and 400 MeV/u on 5 cm and 23 cm RW3 targets, with detectors positioned at 0° and 5° relative to the beam axis. The experimental results were compared with Monte Carlo Geant4 simulations, revealing significant discrepancies, particularly for light particles such as helium, where a notable energy shift up to 90 MeV/u was observed. Additionally, the yield of heavier fragments (Z = 3-6) showed notable underestimation from simulation predictions, highlighting limitations in the current Monte Carlo models. The results underscore the necessity for more accurate models to improve the prediction of secondary particle behavior and optimize treatment planning in hadrontherapy.
Speaker: Lévana Gesson (CNRS-IPHC, Strasbourg)
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Thursday Morning Session
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Pursuing New Superheavy Elements
In the past two decades, significant progress has been made with the discovery of elements Z=114-118 through reactions between 48Ca beams and actinide targets, achieving production rates of atoms-per-day or more. Unfortunately, the pursuit of elements beyond Oganesson (Z=118) faces substantial challenges. The synthesis of elements with Z=119 or 120 using 48Ca would necessitate targets of Es (Z=99) or Fm (Z=100), but these elements cannot be produced in sufficient quantities. This limitation necessitates exploring new reaction pathways. Numerous theoretical studies have aimed at predicting production rates for new elements using actinide targets and heavier ion beams. While these models reliably reproduce excitation functions for SHE production with 48Ca beams, predictions diverge significantly for reactions involving heavier beams. For instance, the predicted cross section for reactions to produce Z=120 vary by more than three orders of magnitude and tens of MeV. These discrepancies hinder experimental efforts, as the low expected cross sections suggest the detection of only one event every few weeks or months under ideal conditions. Berkeley Lab has been proactively addressing these challenges to push beyond E118. By testing theoretical predictions, we have begun the 50Ti+244Pu experiment to understand the impact of using 50Ti instead of 48Ca beams on cross sections. This presentation will highlight significant upgrades to our experimental facilities, including ion sources, target setups, detectors, and electronics, aimed at enhancing our capability to produce and detect elements beyond E118. We will also present the initial results from the 50Ti+244Pu experiment, showcasing our progress in this ambitious endeavor. Financial Support was provided by the Office of High Energy and Nuclear Physics, Nuclear Physics Division, and by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences of the U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231
Speaker: Jacklyn Gates (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory) - 35
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10:30
Coffee Break
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Recent results from the BES III experimentSpeaker: Gianluigi Cibinetto (INFN Ferrara)
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Light Dark Matter searches
The mass of visible matter (electrons and nuclei) accounts for less than 5% of the mass-energy of the universe. The remaining 95% is known as dark matter and dark energy. It is called dark because it cannot be seen in the electromagnetic spectrum. Dark matter has been not detected in scattering experiments nor anywhere else, be it at CERN or deep underground “halo” experiments. There is, however, clear cosmological evidence for this all-pervasive dark matter and dark energy. New experiments running or proposed at high intensity beam accelerators are able to extend the hunting to uncover territories (in particular light masses) with unprecedent sensitivity. In this talk I will review the LDM searches current status and opportunities for planned/future experiments.
Speaker: Marco Battaglieri (INFN-GE) -
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Heavy Flavor dynamics in Hot QCD matterSpeaker: Vincenzo Greco (University of Catania, INFN-LNS)
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Thursday Afternoon Session
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New measurement of 𝐾+→𝜋+𝜈𝜈̅ branching ratio at the NA62 experiment
The 𝐾+→𝜋+𝜈𝜈̅ decay is a golden mode for flavour physics. Its branching ratio is predicted with high precision by the Standard Model to be less than 10^(−10), and this decay mode is highly sensitive to indirect effects of new physics up to the highest mass scales. A new measurement of the 𝐾+→𝜋+𝜈𝜈̅ decay by the NA62 experiment at the CERN SPS is presented, using data collected in 2021 and 2022. This new dataset was collected after modifications to the beamline and detectors and at a higher instantaneous beam intensity with respect to the previous 2016–2018 data taking. Using the NA62 datasets from 2016–2022, a new measurement of ℬ(𝐾+→𝜋+𝜈𝜈̅)=〖13.0〗_(-2.9)^(+3.3)× 10^(-11) is reported, and for the first time the 𝐾+→𝜋+𝜈𝜈̅ decay is observed with a significance exceeding 5σ.
Speaker: Roberto Piandani (Univ. Autonoma de San Luis Potosi and CERN) -
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Latest beauty and charm results from Belle and Belle IISpeaker: Mirco Dorigo (INFN Trieste)
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First Measurement of the Proton-Deuteron Correlation Function with Data Taken by ALICE in Run 3
Femtoscopy is a powerful tool that uses correlation techniques to probe the interactions between hadrons. In Run 2 of the LHC, the ALICE Collaboration confirmed, based on the measurement of kaon-deuteron correlations, that particle pairs involving one deuteron exhibit the same transverse mass scaling as other hadron-hadron pairs, consistent with predictions from the resonance source model. Building on this, femtoscopic studies were extended to the proton-deuteron (p–d) system, where significant three-body dynamics emerged, exposing limitations in models considering only two-body interactions. However, these measurements were ultimately limited by the statistics in the available data sample. With the transition to Run 3 and access to a dataset two orders of magnitude larger, the primary objective is now to conduct a comprehensive study of the p–d system. This contribution presents the initial measurements of the correlation between protons and deuterons using data collected by the ALICE experiment in pp collisions at √s = 13.6 TeV during Run 3 of the LHC.
Speaker: Anton Riedel (Technical University of Munich) -
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Nuclear Physics at intermediate energies and Monte Carlo models: the need for experimental data on double differential cross sections of nuclear fragmentation
The hadron-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus interactions for laboratory energy between 100 MeV/u and about 1 GeV/u play a key role in interesting application of nuclear physics: hadrontherapy and radioprotection on Earth and in space are probably the most important. In all these areas, Monte Carlo codes have now gained a leading role. For example, in medical applications, their use is very important both for planning and quality control. In the absence of a full calculable theory of nuclear interaction in the non-perturbative regime, the commonly used general purpose modern MC codes make use of theoretically based phenomenological models. Such models necessarily have a certain number of parameters which must be tuned by means of experimental data at the level of single interaction. At present, all available Monte Carlo models of this kind are still affected by significant uncertainties and are constantly evolving. The most useful data for model benchmarking are double differential cross sections for production of different secondaries, such as nucleons and nuclear fragments. There are currently large gaps in the availability of such data and new experimental campaigns should be designed to help the necessary development of computation models. In this talk, after a brief presentation summary of some classes of available models, the status of existing available data on the nuclear fragmentation process will be reviewed. Measurements of total reaction cross sections and yield from thick target experiments are also included. Some comparison between MC predictions and data will be presented, to highlight the level of existing uncertainties. A possible list of design requirement for dedicated experiments will be then proposed.
Speaker: Silvia Muraro (INFN - Milano) -
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Codesigning a new front-end ASIC together with a new Micromegas detector
AMBER (NA66) is a fixed-target experiment at M2 beam line of the SPS at CERN, devoted to various fundamental QCD measurements. Several major upgrades of the spectrometer are planned for the medium and long-term AMBER program. Within the upgrade program we are designing together with the CERN MPT workshop 1x0.5 m^2 bulk resistive MICRO-MEsh GAseous Structure (MM) detectors and in parallel a closely tailored to their specification new custom 64 channel fully digital front-end ASIC ToRA (Torino Readout for AMBER) for timing and energy measurements is designed at INFN sez. Torino. This simultaneous design aims for a good optimisation of their common performance. The challenge is coming from the resistive bulk MM with 1.0-2.5 fC signals at the low end of the charge amplitudes together with ~1.2 m long strips of up to ~250 pF capacitance. To face these conditions, we need a good control over the system noise and signal integrity performance of the detector itself together with the full signal path to the ASIC and proper ASICs integration. We present digital and real models of the detector and signal path elements used to match the simulation with real measurements of circuit properties and signal integrity. Considerations on the impact of signal integrity studies will be given. The architecture of the ToRA v1 ASIC will be presented in the context of this optimisation work with some indications towards a ToRA v2 study.
Speaker: Ms Chiara Alice (Università degli studi di Torino, INFN sez. Torino)) -
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Towards a more precise geoneutrino flux prediction
The study of geoneutrinos produced from radioactive beta decay in the Earth's crust and mantle offers insight into the planet's heat budget, with these decays from primordial isotopes providing a significant but incompletely understood contribution to Earth's internal heat. After their initial detection a few years back, upcoming large-scale experiments are anticipated to detect geoneutrinos in larger quantities, with the spectral flux measurements promising to refine our understanding of isotopic ratios within Earth's interior. Accurately predicting the geoneutrino spectral shape, however, requires a deep understanding of beta decay processes, which include quantum field theoretical corrections and nuclear structure effects. Currently, substantial approximations in these areas introduce considerable uncertainty in determining ratios like uranium to thorium within the Earth. By applying methods honed for precise spectroscopy in searches beyond the Standard Model, we aim to refine spectral predictions, enhancing our understanding of how these isotopic ratios impact Earth's formation and contribute to its heat budget.
Speaker: Eliacim Velez (Université de Caen Normandie)
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Friday Morning Session
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Status of the LHCb ExperimentSpeaker: Ulrich Uwer (Heidelberg University)
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Higgs and Higgs Pairs Overview and Perspectives
In 2012, the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN’s Large Hadron Collider discovered the Higgs boson. The Higgs field, which permeates the universe, is responsible for generating particle masses due to its unique feature, the so-called Higgs potential. The Higgs potential is closely related to some of the most fundamental questions in physics, including the origins and ultimate destiny of the universe. Its exploration could shed light on elusive phenomena such as cosmic inflation, dark matter, and dark energy. However, the precise form of the Higgs potential remains elusive and only loosely constrained by current experiments. Its shape is directly tied to the self-interaction strength of Higgs bosons, making the observation of Higgs boson pair production a pivotal test of both the existence and the structure of the potential. A historical perspective on the physics of single and double Higgs bosons will be presented, with an emphasis on future prospects. Particular focus will be given to the ultimate capabilities of the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) program, as well as a comparative evaluation of potential next-generation accelerators.
Speaker: Pamela Ferrari (CERN) -
10:30
Coffee Break
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Building the Mu3e Detector
The Mu3e experiment at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) aims to find or exclude the lepton-flavour violating decay of a positive muon to two positrons and an electron with an ultimate sensitivity of one in 10^16 decays. A high signal efficiency and a rejection of all backgrounds to that level requires excellent momentum and timing resolution, which Mu3e provides by using ultra-thin monolithic pixel sensors combined with scintillating fibres and tiles for timing. The talk will discuss the design and development of the experiment and report on the ongoing final assemby.
Speaker: Niklaus Berger (Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz) -
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The Upgrade of the ALICE TPC - When pictures learned to walkSpeaker: Harald Appelshäuser (Goethe University Frankfurt)
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Current status of double beta decay experimentsSpeaker: Stefan Schönert (TUM)
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Friday Afternoon Session
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50
Improving particle identification in the Belle II TOP detector through machine learning
Reliable particle identification (PID) is essential for any high energy physics experiment. The Time-Of-Propagation (TOP) counter is a ring-imaging Cherenkov detector designed to identify charged particles in the barrel region of the Belle II detector. When charged particles cross a TOP quartz bar, they emit Cherenkov photons, which are detected by a pixelated photodetector at one end of the bar. Different charged particles with the same momentum and angle of impact on the bar will have different patterns of time of photon arrival versus position of photon impact on the detector plane. Currently, PID information is obtained by comparing the measured pattern with analytically calculated probability density functions for different charged particle hypotheses. We aim to improve the PID performance of the TOP by using machine learning to recognize and distinguish between the different patterns.
Speaker: Cecilia Antonioli (Università & INFN Padova) -
51
ASGARD: A novel probe for new physics
Precision measurements in beta decay play an essential role in probing physics beyond the Standard Model. The recoil energy spectrum, in particular, offers exceptional sensitivity to new physics, but it presents significant challenges due to the very low energy of the recoiling daughter nucleus. As a result, recoil measurements remain an underexplored domain for most radioactive nuclei. The ASGARD project (Aluminum Superconducting Grid Assembly for Radiation Detection) seeks to address these challenges by employing novel Superconducting Tunneling Junction (STJ) detectors in an open geometry to allow direct implantation. These detectors are well-suited for deployment at ISOL facilities, allowing access to a broad range of previously inaccessible nuclei across the nuclear chart for recoil spectroscopy. This capability provides new opportunities for studying mirror nucleus decays and probing exotic currents for Beyond Standard Model searches at the 10 TeV scale and higher. It offers, in addition, many possibilities for nuclear structure studies (branching ratio, energy, spin-parities). At the current stage, the ASGARD project focuses on constructing detailed simulations to assess systematic effects that may impact recoil energy spectrum measurements using ultra-thin, aluminum-based STJs. The simulations are designed to model the inelastic scattering of beta particles within the STJ and the generation of inner Bremsstrahlung photons. These simulations will provide essential estimates of the effects of these interactions on the measured observables for all the interesting physics cases that could only be accessed with ASGARD. This contribution will introduce the ASGARD project, highlight the potential of STJs in BSM searches, and present the results of simulations conducted with aluminum-based STJs.
Speaker: Mohamad Kanafani (LPC Caen) -
52
Few-Nucleon Scattering in Pionless Effective Field Theory with Non-pertubative Coulomb Interaction
Study of few-body scattering and reaction processes is a highly contemporary topic in nuclear physics. In my contribution, I will present power-counting renormalizable potentials derived within so-called pionless effective field theory (/πEFT) up to next-to-leading order. This theory represents the simplest nuclear EFT which aims to address nuclear processes at very low energies. The pion degrees of freedom are integrated out and the breakdown scale of the theory is set by the pion mass. I will focus on renormalizability properties of derived nuclear potentials. Further, I will discuss non-perturbative inclusion of Coulomb interaction in the used power-counting scheme. In the final part, I will show our results of the systematic study of low-energy few-body scattering of charged projectile and target. In our work, the few-body scattering phase shifts were calculated for the first time using the Stochastic Variational Method in combination with a Harmonic Oscillator Trap corrected for the long-range Coulomb interaction.
Speaker: Matúš Rojik (Charles University, Prague) -
53
Parton Distribution Functions from Lattice QCD
The light-cone definition of Parton Distribution Functions (PDFs) does not allow for a direct ab initio determination employing methods of Lattice QCD simulations that naturally take place in Euclidean spacetime. In this presentation we focus on pseudo-PDFs where the starting point is the equal time hadronic matrix element with the quark and anti-quark fields separated by a finite distance. We present lattice results for the case of the nucleon and the pion addressing among others the physical point and continuum extrapolations. We will show results for the nucleon quark (un)-polarized distributions, gluon (un)-polarized distributions. We then discuss the interplay and synergies between lattice methods and phenomenological global analyses. Finally, we plan to show results for the nucleon Generalized Parton Distributions and discuss nucleon tomography applications for the EIC.
Speaker: Savvas Zafeiropoulos (CNRS and Aix Marseille University) -
54
Hadron production in p-Pb collisions at the LHC
Charged-hadron production in relativistic heavy-ion collisions of asymmetric systems is investigated within a nonequilibrium-statistical framework. Calculated centrality-dependent pseudorapidity distributions for p-Pb collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 5.02 and 8.16 TeV are compared with data from the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Our approach combines a three-sources relativistic diffusion model with formulations based on quantum chromodynamics, utilizing numerical solutions of a Fokker-Planck equation to account for the partial thermalization (shift and broadening) of the fragmentation sources for particle production with respect to the stopping (net-baryon) rapidity distributions that are calculated in the color-glass model. To represent the centrality dependence of charged-hadron production in asymmetric systems over a broad region of pseudorapidities, the consideration and precise modelling of the fragmentation sources - along with the central gluon-gluon source - is found to be essential. Specifically, this results in an inversion of the particle-production amplitude from backward- to forward-dominance when transitioning from central to peripheral collisions, in agreement with recent ATLAS and ALICE p-Pb data at sqrt(s_NN) = 5.02 TeV. Predictions for p-O at 9.62 TeV are envisaged. [1] G. Wolschin, Beyond the thermal model in relativistic heavy-ion collisions, Phys. Rev. C 94, 024911 (2016). [2] S. Acharya et al. (ALICE Collaboration), System-size dependence of the charged-particle pseudorapidity density at sqrt(s_NN)= 5.02 TeV for pp, p-Pb, and Pb-Pb collisions, Phys. Lett. B 845, 137730 (2023). [3] P. Schulz, G. Wolschin, Relativistic diffusion model for hadron production in p-Pb collisions at the LHC, Phys. Rev. C, in press (2024); https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.17960
Speaker: Georg Wolschin (Heidelberg University)
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