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Quantum Vacuum: Renormalization Group and Anomalies in Cosmology
from
Monday, 23 September 2019 (08:00)
to
Friday, 27 September 2019 (18:50)
Monday, 23 September 2019
08:30
Registration
Registration
08:30 - 09:15
Room: 02.430
09:15
Opening/Welcome
Opening/Welcome
09:15 - 09:30
Room: 02.430
09:30
Inflation and pre-inflation: present status and the simplest models
-
Alexei Starobinsky
Inflation and pre-inflation: present status and the simplest models
Alexei Starobinsky
09:30 - 10:45
Room: 02.430
At the present state-of-the-art, the simplest inflationary models, based either on scalar fields in General Relativity or on modified f(R) gravity, which produce the best fit to all existing astronomical data require one, maximum two dimensionless parameters taken from observations only. The main discoveries expected for these models in future are discussed. Among them the most fundamental are primordial quantum gravitational waves generated during inflation. In one parametric models, including the original R+R^2 one, the definite prediction for the tensor-to-scalar ratio r=3(1-n_s)^2=0.004 follows. The role of one-loop quantum gravitational corrections to these models is considered. Inflation, as a metastable quantum state, had finite life-time, and differences in its duration in terms of the number of e-folds between various points of space can be determined with remarkable accuracy. In the models considered, the most generic predecessor of inflation is an anisotropic and inhomogeneous space-time near a generic space-like singularity. Since the transition from such space-time to the generalized quasi-de Sitter regime is generic, too, for inflation to begin inside a patch including the observable part of the Universe, causal connection inside the whole patch is not necessary. However, it becomes obligatory for a graceful exit from inflation in order to have practically the same number of e-folds during inflation inside this patch.
10:45
Coffee break
Coffee break
10:45 - 11:15
Room: 02.430
11:15
A simple method for singularity avoidance and some consequences
-
Patrick Peter
A simple method for singularity avoidance and some consequences
Patrick Peter
11:15 - 12:05
Room: 02.430
In a simple model (FLRW or Bianchi I minisuperspace and Wheeler De Witt), I discuss how the singularity can be avoided by defining quantum trajectories. This permits to classify clocks and could thus be related to the issue of time. Applying similar procedures to perturbations, the primordial power spectrum can be affected, leading to possibly detectable consequences in the cosmic microwave background or large scale structure data.
12:05
Discussion Session
Discussion Session
12:05 - 12:20
Room: 02.430
14:00
Structure formation in standard and non-standard cosmology
-
Matthias Bartelmann
Structure formation in standard and non-standard cosmology
Matthias Bartelmann
14:00 - 14:50
Room: 02.430
Non-linear cosmic structure formation can be described by a kinetic field theory for classical particle ensembles out of equilibrium. Building upon the path-integral formalism for classical mechanics, this theory structurally resembles a statistical quantum field theory. Its generating functional encapsulates the statistical properties of an initial state of the ensemble and the equation of motion of its particles. Interactions between the particles are described by an interaction operator, which can either be Taylor expanded into a perturbation series of Feynman diagrams, or approximated in a mean-field approach. For cosmology, the mean-field approach has proven to be quite successful, allowing to calculate non-linear power spectra for cosmic structures analytically quite deeply into the non-linear regime even at late times and small scales. The conceptual simplicity and the flexibility of this kinetic field theory allow to apply it quite easily to different models for the dark matter, and to generalisations of gravity theory. Extended model or theory spaces can now be studied with little effort for their effects on non-linear cosmic structure formation. In the talk, I intend to (i) review kinetic field theory, (2) summarise some results for standard cosmology, and (iii) describe extensions towards axionic or axion-like dark-matter models and some generalisations of general relativity.
14:50
Dissipative dynamics of Inflation and the swampland models in gravity and supergravity
-
Rudnei Ramos
Dissipative dynamics of Inflation and the swampland models in gravity and supergravity
Rudnei Ramos
14:50 - 15:40
Room: 02.430
Much has been discussed recently about the swampland and inflation. An effective field theory able to describe inflation for instance, should satisfy some very restrict set of conjectures, the swampland conjectures, such to have a consistent ultraviolet completion and to be described as an effective field theory, in particular, coming from string theory. It is shown here a recent construction of such an effective field theory from fully renormalizable quantum field theory that is able to describe inflation in a strong dissipative regime, evading all the swampland conjectures. This construction naturally leads to a super-Hubble inflaton mass and sub-Planckian field excursions, which is thus technically natural and consistent with a high-energy completion within a theory of quantum gravity.
15:40
Coffee break
Coffee break
15:40 - 16:10
Room: 02.430
16:10
On the equivalence between Higgs and Starobinsky inflationary models in gravity and supergravity
-
Sergei Ketov
On the equivalence between Higgs and Starobinsky inflationary models in gravity and supergravity
Sergei Ketov
16:10 - 17:00
Room: 02.430
17:00
Cosmological phase transitions with cosmic impurities
-
Naritaka Oshita
Cosmological phase transitions with cosmic impurities
Naritaka Oshita
17:00 - 17:50
Room: 02.430
Tuesday, 24 September 2019
09:30
Unitarity and area-law entropy bound: Black holes, Solitons and Instantons
-
Georgi Dvali
Unitarity and area-law entropy bound: Black holes, Solitons and Instantons
Georgi Dvali
09:30 - 10:45
Room: 02.430
10:45
Coffee break
Coffee break
10:45 - 11:15
Room: 02.430
11:15
Background Independent Quantum Field Theory and Gravitating Vacuum Fluctuations
-
Martin Reuter
Background Independent Quantum Field Theory and Gravitating Vacuum Fluctuations
Martin Reuter
11:15 - 12:05
Room: 02.430
The cosmological constant induced by quantum vacuum fluctuations is reconsidered within a manifestly Background Independent approach to quantum field theory and quantum gravity. It is shown that in absence of any distinguished rigid spacetime they do not give rise to the notorious “cosmological constant problem”. The nonperturbative functional renormalization group for gravity plays a central role, but no specific UV behavior (e. g. Asymptotic Safety) is required.
12:05
Discussion Session
Discussion Session
12:05 - 12:20
Room: 02.430
14:00
Macroscopic Effects of the Conformal Anomaly
-
Emil Mottola
Macroscopic Effects of the Conformal Anomaly
Emil Mottola
14:00 - 14:50
Room: 02.430
Classical General Relativity receives an infrared relevant modification from the conformal anomaly of the energy-momentum tensor of massless, or nearly massless, quantum fields. The local form of the effective action associated with the conformal anomaly is expressible in terms of a dynamical scalar field that couples to the conformal factor of the spacetime metric, allowing it to propagate over macroscopic distances. This leads to the prediction of scalar gravitational wave solutions—a spin-0 breather mode— in addition to the transversely polarized tensor waves of the classical Einstein theory. It also implies generically large quantum back reaction effects and conformal correlators in the vicinity of black hole horizons which are relevant to the formation of a non-singular interior, as well as an additional scalar degree of freedom in cosmology, coupling to dynamical dark energy.
14:50
Some aspects of the Weyl anomaly
-
Tomislav Prokopec
Some aspects of the Weyl anomaly
Tomislav Prokopec
14:50 - 15:40
Room: 02.430
15:40
Coffee break
Coffee break
15:40 - 16:10
Room: 02.430
16:10
Quantum Field Theory in the static patch of de Sitter
-
Fedor Popov
Quantum Field Theory in the static patch of de Sitter
Fedor Popov
16:10 - 17:00
Room: 02.430
17:00
17:00 - 17:30
Room: 02.430
Wednesday, 25 September 2019
09:30
Quantum Universe
-
Neil Turok
Quantum Universe
Neil Turok
09:30 - 10:45
Room: 02.430
10:45
Coffee break
Coffee break
10:45 - 11:15
Room: 02.430
11:15
Anomaly-induced effective action of gravity: some new results
-
Ilya Shapiro
Anomaly-induced effective action of gravity: some new results
Ilya Shapiro
11:15 - 12:05
Room: 02.430
The effective action of gravity is supposed to contain the main information about quantum corrections to gravity. However, in many cases it cannot be calculated exactly. A remarkable and important exception is the effective action of vacuum for massless and conformal-invariant matter fields. In this case the effective action can be easily derived by integrating the trace anomaly. The integration constant is an unknown conformal functional of the background metric, but for zero-order cosmology this functional is irrelevant and the solution becomes exact. Until recently the integrated anomaly was known only in dimensions d=2 and d=4, but recently we achieved the explicit result for d=6, which confirms the universal functional structure of the effective action.
12:05
Discussion Session
Discussion Session
12:05 - 12:20
Room: 02.430
14:00
Soft photon theorems and infrared divergences in QED
-
Manuel Asorey
Soft photon theorems and infrared divergences in QED
Manuel Asorey
14:00 - 14:50
Room: 02.430
One of the striking features of QED is the appearance of infrared divergences in the presence of charged particles. We analyze the effect of infrared divergences in the derivation of soft photon theorems. The infrared pathologies may be very relevant for understanding the black hole information paradox, but also raise some questions about the consistency of the whole theory. But if the schedule is too tight I wouldn't mind to cancel it.
14:50
Nonlocal Quantum Gravity
-
Leonardo Modesto
Nonlocal Quantum Gravity
Leonardo Modesto
14:50 - 15:40
Room: 02.430
Starting from the general class of super-renormalizable theories studied by M. Asorey, J.L. Lopetz, and I.L. Shapiro in 1996, we present a weakly nonlocal gravitational theory unitary and finite at quantum level in the quantum field theory framework (the theory is also compatible with causality because a Shapiro's time advance never occurs.) As a consequence of finiteness, the Weyl's anomaly is not present and the theory turns out to be conformal invariant at classical as well at quantum level. Therefore, nonlocal quantum gravity is a conformal invariant theory in the spontaneously broken phase of the Weyl symmetry. As a result, Weyl conformal symmetry solves the black hole's singularity issue and cosmological singularity problem, otherwise unavoidable in any local or non-local gravitational theory. At classical level, all Einstein manifolds are stable at linear and non linear level if they are stable in General relativity. The generalization of the theory in presence of matter is the topic of the current research, hence it will be discussed only briefly.
15:40
Coffee break
Coffee break
15:40 - 16:10
Room: 02.430
16:10
Classical/Quantum Boundary Conditions at the Beginning/End of Time
-
Latham Boyle
Classical/Quantum Boundary Conditions at the Beginning/End of Time
Latham Boyle
16:10 - 17:00
Room: 02.430
I will motivate and discuss certain boundary conditions at the beginning and/or end of time, and some of their theoretical and observational consequences (particularly for evaluating the effect of the conformal anomaly in cosmology).
17:00
17:00 - 17:30
Room: 02.430
Thursday, 26 September 2019
09:30
Holographic cosmology and the puzzles of Hot Big Bang cosmology
-
Kostas Skenderis
Holographic cosmology and the puzzles of Hot Big Bang cosmology
Kostas Skenderis
09:30 - 10:45
Room: 02.430
10:45
Coffee break
Coffee break
10:45 - 11:15
Room: 02.430
11:15
Modified gravity models: renormalization and cosmological implications
-
Andrei Barvinsky
Modified gravity models: renormalization and cosmological implications
Andrei Barvinsky
11:15 - 12:05
Room: 02.430
We consider two classes of modified gravity models characterized by violation of Lorentz symmetry. One class of models is motivated by the search for a local renormalizable quantum gravity perturbatively consistent in UV domain. It consists of projectable Horava-Lifshitz models for which we show perturbative renormalizability in arbitrary dimension and prove their asymptotic freedom in the toy-model case of (2+1)-dimensional spacetime. Renormalization group flow is also built in (3+1)-dimensional Horava gravity for two of its coupling constants, indicating a potential domain of its asymptotic freedom for all seven couplings of this theory. Another class of models is motivated by the search for a possible mechanism of inflation and cosmological acceleration. This is the generalized unimodular gravity sharing in common with Horava models a peculiar kinematical restriction on the ADM lapse function, which manifests itself in the form of a special type of dark perfect fluid composed entirely from the metric sector of the theory and having a time dependent equation of state. Extra degree of freedom in this model -- scalar graviton -- has a nontrivial domain of unitarity and can drive inflationary scenario with scalar and tensor power spectra fitting observations. Quite remarkably, this model satisfies naturalness criterion -- O(1) magnitude of all theory parameters. This is because a typically accepted exponentially big e-folding factor, $e^{N}$, $N\sim 60$, for this model enters a special expression for tensor to scalar ratio $r\sim e^{-N(1-n_s)}\simeq 10^{-3}$, $n_s\simeq 0.96$ being the scalar red tilt, and easily satisfies known phenomenological bounds.
12:05
Discussion Session
Discussion Session
12:05 - 12:20
Room: 02.430
14:00
Conformal Invariance and Quantization of Conformal Gravity
-
Leslaw Rachwal
Conformal Invariance and Quantization of Conformal Gravity
Leslaw Rachwal
14:00 - 14:50
Room: 02.430
14:50
Anomaly Actions with axions and dilatons
-
Claudio Coriano
Anomaly Actions with axions and dilatons
Claudio Coriano
14:50 - 15:40
Room: 02.430
We review the structure of the local and nonlocal anomaly actions introduced in several scenarios where chiral and conformal anomalies play a key role.
15:40
Coffee break
Coffee break
15:40 - 16:10
Room: 02.430
16:10
Matching CFT tensor correlators to perturbation theory
-
Matteo Maria Maglio
Matching CFT tensor correlators to perturbation theory
Matteo Maria Maglio
16:10 - 17:00
Room: 02.430
We review a recent analysis of the solutions of the Conformal Ward Identities in general CFTs and their matching to free field theories. We compare these results with those predicted by the Conformal Anomaly Action.
17:00
17:00 - 17:30
Room: 02.430
Friday, 27 September 2019
09:30
The Weyl anomaly and some of its uses
-
Stefan Theisen
The Weyl anomaly and some of its uses
Stefan Theisen
09:30 - 10:45
Room: 02.430
10:45
Coffee break
Coffee break
10:45 - 11:15
Room: 02.430
11:15
To the sphere and back again: de Sitter infrared correlators at NTLO in 1/N
-
Diana Lopez Nacir
To the sphere and back again: de Sitter infrared correlators at NTLO in 1/N
Diana Lopez Nacir
11:15 - 12:05
Room: 02.430
12:05
Discussion Session
Discussion Session
12:05 - 12:20
Room: 02.430
13:50
The Minkowski quantum vacuum does not gravitate
-
Slava Emelyanov
The Minkowski quantum vacuum does not gravitate
Slava Emelyanov
13:50 - 14:40
Room: 02.430
14:40
Vacuum energy in the background of lower dimensional field or field living in half spaces
-
Irina Pirozhenko
Vacuum energy in the background of lower dimensional field or field living in half spaces
Irina Pirozhenko
14:40 - 15:30
Room: 02.430
15:30
Coffee break
Coffee break
15:30 - 16:00
Room: 02.430
16:00
One-loop E&M correlators of SQED in power-law inflation
-
Drazen Glavan
One-loop E&M correlators of SQED in power-law inflation
Drazen Glavan
16:00 - 16:50
Room: 02.430
Vector fields are insensitive to the rapid expansion of the primordial inflating universe due to their conformal coupling. However, they may couple to other light fields that are sensitive to the expansion and experience huge gravitational particle production, such as the complex scalar. In that case the vector field can develop large electric and magnetic field fluctuations induced by the gravitationaly enhanced charge fluctuations. I will present a computation of the one-loop corrections to the electric and magnetic field correlators of SQED in power-law inflation. One-loop corrections dwarf the tree-level result, and the slow-roll corrections very soon become large.
16:50
Unequal time correlator of scalar fields in de Sitter spacetime from the effective stochastic approach
-
Gabriel Moreau
(
Université Paris Diderot
)
Unequal time correlator of scalar fields in de Sitter spacetime from the effective stochastic approach
Gabriel Moreau
(
Université Paris Diderot
)
16:50 - 17:30
Room: 02.430
Applying the stochastic formalism to the test scalar field in de Sitter spacetime, we study in more details the effective theory of their infrared modes described by a Langevin equation. It corresponds to the well-known model A in statistical physics. We use the formulation in terms of a one dimensional supersymmetric field theory. We compute the unequal time field correlator at large (superhorizon) time separations in a 1/N expansion at NLO and compare with existing quantum field theory computation. We then attempt to get a result for finite N using the non perturbative renormalization group on this one dimensional theory, going beyond the local potential approximation.
17:30
Closing
Closing
17:30 - 18:00
Room: 02.430